Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

not opposed

Толкование Перевод

1 not-from-concentrate juice, juice not from concentrate

Общая лексика: сок прямого отжима (as opposed to reconstituted juice made from juice concentrate)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > not-from-concentrate juice, juice not from concentrate
2 opposed piston engine

<mvhcl.mot> (do not confuse with boxer engine) ■ Gegenkolbenmotor m

English-german technical dictionary > opposed piston engine
3 opposed-piston engine

<mvhcl.mot> (do not confuse with boxer engine) ■ Gegenkolbenmotor m

English-german technical dictionary > opposed-piston engine
4 horizontally opposed engine

<mvhcl.mot> (do not confuse with boxer engine) ■ Gegenkolbenmotor m

English-german technical dictionary > horizontally opposed engine
5 horizontally opposed piston engine

<mvhcl.mot> (do not confuse with boxer engine) ■ Gegenkolbenmotor m

English-german technical dictionary > horizontally opposed piston engine
6 he said that he was not unalterably opposed to the plan

Макаров: он сказал, что его возражения против плана не являются категорическими, он сказал, что он готов отказаться от своих возражений против плана

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > he said that he was not unalterably opposed to the plan
7 New opinions are always suspected, and usually opposed, without any other reason but because they are not already common.

<01> К новым взглядам всегда относятся с подозрительностью, и все с ними борются по той простой причине, что они еще не стали общепринятыми. Locke (Локк).

Англо-русский словарь цитат, пословиц, поговорок и идиом > New opinions are always suspected, and usually opposed, without any other reason but because they are not already common.
8 oppose

oppose

A vtr gen, Pol s'opposer à [plan, bill] ; faire opposition à [bail] ; to be opposed to sth être contre qch ; to be opposed to doing être contre l'idée de faire ; to be opposed to sb doing sth ne pas être d'accord pour que qn fasse qch ; I am not opposed to his coming je ne m'oppose pas à ce qu'il vienne.

B as opposed to prep phr par opposition à.

C opposing pres p adj [force, group, party, team] adverse ; [army] ennemi ; [view, style] opposé ; the opposing voices les voix contre.

Big English-French dictionary > oppose
9 willing

1. adjective
1) willig

ready and willing — bereit

be willing to do something — bereit sein, etwas zu tun

I'm willing to believe you're right — ich will gerne glauben, dass du recht hast

2) attrib. (readily offered) willig

she gave willing assistance/help — sie half bereitwillig

lend a willing hand — bereitwillig helfen
2. noun
show willing — guten Willen zeigen

* * *

will·ing

[ˈwɪlɪŋ]

I. adj

1. pred (not opposed) bereit, gewillt geh

God \willing so Gott will

to be ready and \willing [or ready, \willing and able] bereit sein

▪ to be \willing to do sth bereit [o geh gewillt] sein, etw zu tun

to be more than \willing to do sth nur zu gerne etw tun wollen

▪ to [not] be \willing for sb to do sth [nicht] gewillt sein, jdn etw tun zu lassen

John and Gabriel are \willing for us to use their garden John und Gabriel haben nichts dagegen, wenn wir ihren Garten benutzen

they're not \willing for us to bring our own wine sie wollen nicht, dass wir [uns] unseren eigenen Wein mitbringen

2. (enthusiastic) willig

the staff are \willing enough die Mitarbeiter sind allemal [dazu] bereit

\willing hands bereitwillige Hilfe

3.

▶ the spirit is \willing but the flesh is weak ( saying) der Geist ist willig, doch das Fleisch ist schwach prov

II. n no pl BRIT

to show \willing [seinen] guten Willen zeigen

* * *
['wIlɪŋ]
adj

1)

(= prepared) to be willing to do sth — bereit or gewillt (geh) or willens (liter, old) sein, etw zu tun

God willing — so Gott will

he was willing for me to take it — es war ihm recht, dass ich es nahm

he was not willing for us to go/for this to be done — er war nicht gewillt, uns gehen zu lassen/das geschehen zu lassen

willing to compromise — kompromissbereit

willing to help — hilfsbereit

willing to make concessions — konzessionsbereit

willing to negotiate — verhandlungsbereit

willing to pay — zahlungswillig or -bereit

willing to work — arbeitswillig

2) (= ready to help, cheerfully ready) workers, helpers bereitwillig

prepared to lend a willing hand — gerne dazu bereit zu helfen

3) (= voluntary) sacrifice willentlich

* * *

willing adj

1. gewillt, willens, bereit:

I am willing to believe that … ich glaube gern, dass …;

I am not willing to believe this ich bin nicht gewillt, das zu glauben;

willing to compromise kompromissbereit;

willing to help hilfsbereit;

willing to make concessions konzessionsbereit;

willing to negotiate verhandlungsbereit;

willing to pay WIRTSCH zahlungsbereit;

willing to work arbeitswillig;

God willing so Gott will;

willing purchaser WIRTSCH (ernsthafte[r]) Interessent(in)

2. (bereit)willig

3. gern geschehen oder getan:

a willing gift ein gern gegebenes Geschenk;

a willing help eine gern geleistete Hilfe

* * *
1. adjective
1) willig

ready and willing — bereit

be willing to do something — bereit sein, etwas zu tun

I'm willing to believe you're right — ich will gerne glauben, dass du recht hast

2) attrib. (readily offered) willig

she gave willing assistance/help — sie half bereitwillig

lend a willing hand — bereitwillig helfen
2. noun
show willing — guten Willen zeigen

* * *

adj.

bereitwillig adj.

wollend adj.

English-german dictionary > willing
10 such

such [sʌtʃ]

1 adjective & predeterminer

(a) (of the same specified kind) tel, pareil;

∎ such a song une telle chanson, une chanson pareille ou de ce genre;

∎ such songs de telles chansons, des chansons pareilles ou de ce genre;

∎ in such weather par un temps pareil;

∎ in such cases en pareils cas;

∎ how can you tell such lies? comment peux-tu raconter de tels mensonges ou des mensonges pareils?;

∎ no such place exists un tel endroit n'existe pas;

∎ on such an occasion pour l'occasion;

∎ on such occasions the ballroom is used la salle de bal est utilisée pour de telles occasions;

∎ we had such a case last year nous avons eu un cas semblable l'année dernière;

∎ have you ever heard such a thing? avez-vous jamais entendu une chose pareille?;

∎ you wouldn't have such a thing as a corkscrew, would you? vous n'auriez pas un tire-bouchon, par hasard?;

∎ such a thing is unheard-of ce genre de chose est sans précédent;

∎ I said no such thing! je n'ai rien dit de tel ou de la sorte!;

∎ you'll do no such thing! il n'en est pas question!;

∎ there is no such thing cela n'existe pas;

∎ there is no such thing as magic la magie n'existe pas;

∎ they called her Jane or some such thing ils l'ont baptisée Jane ou quelque chose de ce genre ou dans ce style;

∎ he said he didn't have enough money or some such excuse son excuse était qu'il n'avait pas assez d'argent, ou quelque chose de ce genre ou dans ce style;

∎ we will take such steps as are considered necessary nous prendrons toutes les mesures nécessaires;

∎ I'm not such a fool as to believe him! je ne suis pas assez bête pour le croire!;

∎ he speaks in such a way as to be incomprehensible il parle de telle manière que personne ne le comprend;

∎ until such time as is convenient to me jusqu'à ce que cela me convienne;

∎ such money as we have le peu d'argent que nous avons;

∎ their timetable is such that we never see them leur emploi du temps est tel que nous ne les voyons jamais;

∎ she works in such a way that we can't keep up elle travaille de telle façon que nous ne pouvons pas suivre;

∎ she arranges things in such a way that she is free on Saturdays elle s'arrange de manière à être libre le samedi

(b) (as intensifier) tel;

∎ my accounts are in such a mess! mes comptes sont dans un de ces états!;

∎ he is such a liar il est tellement menteur, c'est un tel menteur;

∎ she has such courage! elle a un de ces courages!;

∎ she has such ideas! elle a de ces idées!;

∎ it's such a pity you can't come! c'est tellement dommage que vous ne puissiez pas venir!;

∎ you gave me such a scare! tu m'as fait une de ces peurs!;

∎ such tall buildings des immeubles aussi hauts;

∎ such a handsome man un si bel homme;

∎ she has such a nice voice! elle a une si jolie voix!;

∎ we had such a good time on s'est tellement amusés;

∎ it's been such a long time since I've seen her ça fait si longtemps que je ne l'ai pas vue;

∎ I didn't realize it was such a long way je ne me rendais pas compte que c'était si loin;

∎ I've never read such beautiful poetry je n'ai jamais lu de si belle poésie;

∎ her grief was such that we feared for her sanity son chagrin était tel que nous craignions pour sa santé mentale;

∎ he was in such pain that he fainted il souffrait tellement qu'il s'est évanoui

2 pronoun

∎ such is the power of the media voilà ce que peuvent faire les médias;

∎ such was the result voilà quel était le résultat;

∎ such were my thoughts last night voilà où j'en étais hier soir;

∎ such is not my intention ce n'est pas là mon intention;

∎ such is life! c'est la vie!

3 and such adverb

et d'autres choses de ce genre ou de la sorte;

∎ he enjoys cakes, ices and such il mange avec plaisir des gâteaux, des glaces et autres choses de ce genre;

∎ detective stories, thrillers and such des policiers, des romans à suspense et d'autres livres de ce genre ou de la sorte

4 as such adverb

(strictly speaking) en soi; (in that capacity) en tant que tel, à ce titre;

∎ she doesn't get a salary as such elle n'a pas de véritable salaire ou pas de salaire à proprement parler;

∎ the text as such is fine but… le texte en soi est bien mais…;

∎ have they offered you more money? - well, not as such vous ont-ils proposé plus d'argent? - pas véritablement;

∎ they are not opposed to privatization as such ils ne sont pas opposés à la privatisation en soi ou à proprement parler;

∎ she's an adult and as such she has rights elle est majeure et en tant que telle elle a des droits

5 such and such predeterminer

tel;

∎ on such and such a date à telle date;

∎ on such and such a day in such and such a place tel jour à tel endroit

6 such as preposition

tel que, comme;

∎ a country such as Germany un pays tel que ou comme l'Allemagne;

∎ films such as Fellini's les films tels que ceux de Fellini;

∎ books such as these or such books as these are always useful les livres de ce genre sont toujours utiles;

∎ I can think of lots of reasons - such as? je vois beaucoup de raisons - comme quoi par exemple?

7 such as it is adverb

∎ and this is my study, such as it is et voici ce que j'appelle mon bureau;

∎ the village boasts a bus, such as it is le village a un autobus, si l'on peut dire;

∎ I'll give you my opinion, such as it is je vais vous donner mon avis, prenez-le pour ce qu'il vaut;

∎ you're welcome to use my notes, such as they are je te prêterai mes notes avec plaisir, elles valent ce qu'elles valent

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > such
11 willing

will·ing [ʼwɪlɪŋ] adj

1) pred ( not opposed) bereit, gewillt ( geh)

God \willing so Gott will;

to be ready and \willing [or ready, \willing and able] bereit sein;

to be \willing to do sth bereit [o ( geh) gewillt] sein, etw zu tun;

to be more than \willing to do sth nur zu gerne etw tun wollen;

to [not] be \willing for sb to do sth [nicht] gewillt sein, jdn etw tun zu lassen;

John and Gabriel are \willing for us to use their garden John und Gabriel haben nichts dagegen, wenn wir ihren Garten benutzen;

they're not \willing for us to bring our own wine sie wollen nicht, dass wir [uns] unseren eigenen Wein mitbringen

2) ( enthusiastic) willig;

the staff are \willing enough die Mitarbeiter sind allemal [dazu] bereit;

\willing hands bereitwillige Hilfe

PHRASES:

the spirit is \willing but the flesh is weak (is \willing but the flesh is weak) der Geist ist willig, doch das Fleisch ist schwach ( prov) n

no pl ( Brit)

to show \willing [seinen] guten Willen zeigen

English-German students dictionary > willing
12 unalterably

неизменно, непреложно;
устойчиво - he said that he was not * opposed to the plan он сказал, что его возражения против плана не являются категорическими

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > unalterably
13 unchallenged

un·chal·lenged

[ʌnˈtʃælɪnʤd, AM -ənʤd]

adj unangefochten; (not opposed) unwidersprochen

to go [or stand] \unchallenged unangefochten bleiben

his long-jump record stood \unchallenged for many years sein Weitsprungrekord blieb viele Jahre unangetastet

to pass \unchallenged MIL passieren, ohne angehalten zu werden

* * *
[ʌn'tSlIndZd]
adj
unbestritten, unangefochten; (JUR) juryman nicht abgelehnt; evidence nicht angefochten, unangefochten
to rule unchallenged — uneingeschränkt regieren

to go unchallenged (Mil) — ohne Anruf passieren

we passed the sentry unchallenged — die Wache ließ uns ohne Anruf passieren

the record was or went unchallenged for several years — der Rekord wurde jahrelang nicht überboten

I cannot let that remark go or pass unchallenged — diese Bemerkung kann ich nicht unwidersprochen hinnehmen

* * *

unchallenged adj unbestritten, unwidersprochen:

an unchallenged victory ein unangefochtener Sieg

* * *

adj.

unangefochten adj.

unbestritten adj.

English-german dictionary > unchallenged
14 unchallenged

un·chal·lenged [ʌnʼtʃælɪnʤd, Am -ənʤd] adj

unangefochten;

( not opposed) unwidersprochen;

to go [or stand] \unchallenged unangefochten bleiben;

his long-jump record stood \unchallenged for many years sein Weitsprungrekord blieb viele Jahre unangetastet;

to pass \unchallenged mil passieren, ohne angehalten zu werden

English-German students dictionary > unchallenged
15 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
16 right

I 1. [raɪt]
nome

1) U (side, direction) destra f., parte f. destra

keep to the right — aut. tenere la destra, viaggiare a destra

on o to your right alla vostra destra; take the second right — prenda la seconda a destra

2) U + verbo sing. pol. (anche Right)

the right — la destra

3) U (morally) giusto m., bene m.

right and wrong — il bene e il male

to be in the right — essere dalla parte della ragione

4) (just claim) diritto m.

to have a right to sth. — avere diritto a qcs.

the right to work — il diritto al lavoro

what right have you to criticize me like that? — che diritto hai di criticarmi così?

I've got every right to be annoyed — ho tutte le ragioni per essere seccato

human rights — diritti dell'uomo

civil rights — diritti civili

to be within one's rights — essere nel proprio diritto

her husband is a celebrity in his own right — suo marito è famoso grazie ai suoi meriti personali

the gardens are worth a visit in their own right — i giardini da soli meritano una visita

5) (in boxing) destro m.
2.
nome plurale rights

1) comm. dir. diritti m.

film rights — diritti di adattamento cinematografico

to have the sole rights to sth. — avere l'esclusiva o il diritto esclusivo su qcs

2) (moral)

the rights and wrongs of a matter — i pro e i contro di una questione

••

by rights — di diritto, di regola

to put sth. to rights — mettere a posto qcs., sistemare qcs
II [raɪt]
aggettivo

1) (as opposed to left) destro

on my right hand — (position) alla o sulla mia destra

2) (morally correct) giusto, onesto, leale; (fair) giusto, corretto, equo

it's not right to steal — non è onesto rubare

I thought it right to tell him — pensavo fosse giusto dirglielo

it is right and proper that... — è sacrosanto che...

to do the right thing — fare la cosa giusta

to do the right thing by sb. — fare il proprio dovere nei confronti di qcn

3) (correct, true) [choice, direction] giusto; [ word] giusto, esatto, appropriato; (accurate) [ time] giusto, esatto, preciso

to be right — [ person] avere ragione, essere nel giusto; [ answer] essere esatto o giusto

you're quite right! — hai proprio ragione!

that's right — benissimo, giusto

that can't be right — non può essere giusto

what's the right time? — qual è l'ora esatta?

is that right? — (asking) è vero? (double-checking) giusto?

am I right in thinking that...? — è vero che...?

is this the right train for Dublin? — è questo il treno per Dublino?

is this the right way to the station? — è questa la strada per la stazione?

the right side of a piece of material — il diritto di un pezzo di tessuto

to get one's facts right — documentarsi o informarsi bene

you've got the spelling right — l'ortografia va bene

let's hope he gets it right this time — speriamo che lo faccia bene questa volta

it wouldn't look right if we didn't attend — non sarebbe giusto se non partecipassimo

how right you are! — parole sante!

time proved him right — il tempo gli ha dato ragione

4) (most suitable) [clothes, equipment] giusto, adatto, appropriato; [ person] giusto, adatto

when the time is right — al momento giusto

to be in the right place at the right time — essere nel posto giusto al momento giusto

to know the right people — conoscere le persone giuste

he was careful to say all the right things — ebbe il tatto di pronunciare le parole adatte (per la situazione)

5) (in good order) [ machine] in buone condizioni, in buono stato; (healthy) [ person] sano, in buone condizioni

I don't feel quite right these days — non mi sento troppo bene in questo periodo

the engine isn't quite right — il motore non funziona molto bene

there's something not quite right about him — in lui c'è qualcosa che non va

I sensed that things were not quite right — sentivo che le cose non andavano troppo bene

6) (in order)

to put o set right rimediare a, correggere [ mistake]; riparare [ injustice]; sistemare, mettere a posto [ situation]; riparare [ machine]; to put o set one's watch right mettere a posto l'orologio; they gave him a month to put o set things right gli diedero un mese per sistemare le cose; to put o set sb. right — fare ricredere qcn

7) mat. [ angle] retto

at right angles to — ad angolo retto con, perpendicolare a

8) BE colloq. (emphatic)

he's a right idiot! — è un vero idiota!

it's a right mess — è un vero pasticcio

9) BE colloq. (ready)

are you right? — sei pronto?

••

right you are! — colloq.

right-oh! — BE colloq. benissimo! d'accordo! senz'altro!
III [raɪt]
avverbio

1) (of direction) a destra

to turn right — girare o svoltare a destra

they looked for him right, left and centre — colloq. lo cercarono ovunque o da tutte le parti o a destra e a sinistra

they are arresting people right, left and centre — colloq. stanno arrestando la gente in massa

2) (directly) direttamente, proprio

it's right in front of you — ti è proprio di fronte

I'll be right back — torno subito o immediatamente

the path goes right down to the river — il sentiero conduce direttamente al fiume

right before — proprio prima, appena prima

right after dinner — subito dopo cena

he walked right up to her — si diresse dritto verso di lei

3) (exactly)

right in the middle of the room — esattamente o proprio al centro della stanza

right now — (immediately) subito, immediatamente; (at this point in time) al momento

I'm staying right here — non mi muovo da qui

your book's right there by the window — il tuo libro è proprio lì vicino alla finestra

they live right on the river — vivono proprio sul fiume

4) (correctly) bene, correttamente

you're not doing it right — non lo stai facendo nel modo giusto o correttamente

I guessed right — ho indovinato, ho visto giusto

if I remember right — se ben ricordo, se non ricordo male

5) (completely) completamente, del tutto

a wall goes right around the garden — un muro corre tutto intorno al giardino

if you go right back to the beginning — ritornando al principio o a monte

right at the bottom — proprio in fondo

right at the top of the house — nella parte più alta della casa

to read a book right through — leggere un libro fino alla fine

he looked right through me — fig. fece finta di non vedermi

to turn the radio right up — alzare al massimo il volume della radio

right up until the 1950s — fino agli anni '50

we're right behind you! — fig. ti sosteniamo! ti siamo accanto in tutto e per tutto!

6) GB (in titles)

the Right Honourable X — l'onorevole X

the Right Honourable Gentleman — (in parliament) l'onorevole collega

7) (very well) molto bene

right, let's have a look — benissimo, diamo un'occhiata

••

right enough — colloq. certamente, innegabilmente, senza dubbio

to see sb. right — (financially) non fare mancare niente a qcn.; (in other ways) togliere qcn. dai guai, cavare qcn. dagli impicci
IV 1. [raɪt]
verbo transitivo

1) (restore to upright position) raddrizzare, drizzare [ ship]

2) (correct) riparare [ injustice]

to right a wrong — riparare un torto
2.
verbo riflessivo

to right oneself — [ person] tirarsi su, mettersi in piedi

to right itself — [ ship] raddrizzarsi, tornare diritto; [ situation] aggiustarsi, sistemarsi

* * *
1. adjective
1) (on or related to the side of the body which in most people has the more skilful hand, or to the side of a person or thing which is toward the east when that person or thing is facing north (opposite to left): When I'm writing, I hold my pen in my right hand.) destro

2) (correct: Put that book back in the right place; Is that the right answer to the question?) giusto, corretto

3) (morally correct; good: It's not right to let thieves keep what they have stolen.) giusto

4) (suitable; appropriate: He's not the right man for this job; When would be the right time to ask him?) adatto, giusto
2. noun
1) (something a person is, or ought to be, allowed to have, do etc: Everyone has the right to a fair trial; You must fight for your rights; You have no right to say that.) diritto

2) (that which is correct or good: Who's in the right in this argument?) giusto

3) (the right side, part or direction: Turn to the right; Take the second road on the right.) destra

4) (in politics, the people, group, party or parties holding the more traditional beliefs etc.) destra
3. adverb
1) (exactly: He was standing right here.) proprio

2) (immediately: I'll go right after lunch; I'll come right down.) subito

3) (close: He was standing right beside me.) proprio

4) (completely; all the way: The bullet went right through his arm.) completamente

5) (to the right: Turn right.) a destra

6) (correctly: Have I done that right?; I don't think this sum is going to turn out right.) bene, giusto
4. verb
1) (to bring back to the correct, usually upright, position: The boat tipped over, but righted itself again.) raddrizzare, raddrizzarsi

2) (to put an end to and make up for something wrong that has been done: He's like a medieval knight, going about the country looking for wrongs to right.) rimediare
5. interjection
(I understand; I'll do what you say etc: `I want you to type some letters for me.' `Right, I'll do them now.') certo

- righteous
- righteously
- righteousness
- rightful
- rightfully
- rightly
- rightness
- righto
- right-oh
- rights
- right angle
- right-angled
- right-hand
- right-handed
- right wing 6. adjective
((right-wing) (having opinions which are) of this sort.) di destra

- right-winger
- by rights
- by right
- get
- keep on the right side of
- get right
- go right
- not in one's right mind
- not quite right in the head
- not right in the head
- put right
- put/set to rights
- right away
- right-hand man
- right now
- right of way
- serve right
* * *
I 1. [raɪt]
nome

1) U (side, direction) destra f., parte f. destra

keep to the right — aut. tenere la destra, viaggiare a destra

on o to your right alla vostra destra; take the second right — prenda la seconda a destra

2) U + verbo sing. pol. (anche Right)

the right — la destra

3) U (morally) giusto m., bene m.

right and wrong — il bene e il male

to be in the right — essere dalla parte della ragione

4) (just claim) diritto m.

to have a right to sth. — avere diritto a qcs.

the right to work — il diritto al lavoro

what right have you to criticize me like that? — che diritto hai di criticarmi così?

I've got every right to be annoyed — ho tutte le ragioni per essere seccato

human rights — diritti dell'uomo

civil rights — diritti civili

to be within one's rights — essere nel proprio diritto

her husband is a celebrity in his own right — suo marito è famoso grazie ai suoi meriti personali

the gardens are worth a visit in their own right — i giardini da soli meritano una visita

5) (in boxing) destro m.
2.
nome plurale rights

1) comm. dir. diritti m.

film rights — diritti di adattamento cinematografico

to have the sole rights to sth. — avere l'esclusiva o il diritto esclusivo su qcs

2) (moral)

the rights and wrongs of a matter — i pro e i contro di una questione

••

by rights — di diritto, di regola

to put sth. to rights — mettere a posto qcs., sistemare qcs
II [raɪt]
aggettivo

1) (as opposed to left) destro

on my right hand — (position) alla o sulla mia destra

2) (morally correct) giusto, onesto, leale; (fair) giusto, corretto, equo

it's not right to steal — non è onesto rubare

I thought it right to tell him — pensavo fosse giusto dirglielo

it is right and proper that... — è sacrosanto che...

to do the right thing — fare la cosa giusta

to do the right thing by sb. — fare il proprio dovere nei confronti di qcn

3) (correct, true) [choice, direction] giusto; [ word] giusto, esatto, appropriato; (accurate) [ time] giusto, esatto, preciso

to be right — [ person] avere ragione, essere nel giusto; [ answer] essere esatto o giusto

you're quite right! — hai proprio ragione!

that's right — benissimo, giusto

that can't be right — non può essere giusto

what's the right time? — qual è l'ora esatta?

is that right? — (asking) è vero? (double-checking) giusto?

am I right in thinking that...? — è vero che...?

is this the right train for Dublin? — è questo il treno per Dublino?

is this the right way to the station? — è questa la strada per la stazione?

the right side of a piece of material — il diritto di un pezzo di tessuto

to get one's facts right — documentarsi o informarsi bene

you've got the spelling right — l'ortografia va bene

let's hope he gets it right this time — speriamo che lo faccia bene questa volta

it wouldn't look right if we didn't attend — non sarebbe giusto se non partecipassimo

how right you are! — parole sante!

time proved him right — il tempo gli ha dato ragione

4) (most suitable) [clothes, equipment] giusto, adatto, appropriato; [ person] giusto, adatto

when the time is right — al momento giusto

to be in the right place at the right time — essere nel posto giusto al momento giusto

to know the right people — conoscere le persone giuste

he was careful to say all the right things — ebbe il tatto di pronunciare le parole adatte (per la situazione)

5) (in good order) [ machine] in buone condizioni, in buono stato; (healthy) [ person] sano, in buone condizioni

I don't feel quite right these days — non mi sento troppo bene in questo periodo

the engine isn't quite right — il motore non funziona molto bene

there's something not quite right about him — in lui c'è qualcosa che non va

I sensed that things were not quite right — sentivo che le cose non andavano troppo bene

6) (in order)

to put o set right rimediare a, correggere [ mistake]; riparare [ injustice]; sistemare, mettere a posto [ situation]; riparare [ machine]; to put o set one's watch right mettere a posto l'orologio; they gave him a month to put o set things right gli diedero un mese per sistemare le cose; to put o set sb. right — fare ricredere qcn

7) mat. [ angle] retto

at right angles to — ad angolo retto con, perpendicolare a

8) BE colloq. (emphatic)

he's a right idiot! — è un vero idiota!

it's a right mess — è un vero pasticcio

9) BE colloq. (ready)

are you right? — sei pronto?

••

right you are! — colloq.

right-oh! — BE colloq. benissimo! d'accordo! senz'altro!
III [raɪt]
avverbio

1) (of direction) a destra

to turn right — girare o svoltare a destra

they looked for him right, left and centre — colloq. lo cercarono ovunque o da tutte le parti o a destra e a sinistra

they are arresting people right, left and centre — colloq. stanno arrestando la gente in massa

2) (directly) direttamente, proprio

it's right in front of you — ti è proprio di fronte

I'll be right back — torno subito o immediatamente

the path goes right down to the river — il sentiero conduce direttamente al fiume

right before — proprio prima, appena prima

right after dinner — subito dopo cena

he walked right up to her — si diresse dritto verso di lei

3) (exactly)

right in the middle of the room — esattamente o proprio al centro della stanza

right now — (immediately) subito, immediatamente; (at this point in time) al momento

I'm staying right here — non mi muovo da qui

your book's right there by the window — il tuo libro è proprio lì vicino alla finestra

they live right on the river — vivono proprio sul fiume

4) (correctly) bene, correttamente

you're not doing it right — non lo stai facendo nel modo giusto o correttamente

I guessed right — ho indovinato, ho visto giusto

if I remember right — se ben ricordo, se non ricordo male

5) (completely) completamente, del tutto

a wall goes right around the garden — un muro corre tutto intorno al giardino

if you go right back to the beginning — ritornando al principio o a monte

right at the bottom — proprio in fondo

right at the top of the house — nella parte più alta della casa

to read a book right through — leggere un libro fino alla fine

he looked right through me — fig. fece finta di non vedermi

to turn the radio right up — alzare al massimo il volume della radio

right up until the 1950s — fino agli anni '50

we're right behind you! — fig. ti sosteniamo! ti siamo accanto in tutto e per tutto!

6) GB (in titles)

the Right Honourable X — l'onorevole X

the Right Honourable Gentleman — (in parliament) l'onorevole collega

7) (very well) molto bene

right, let's have a look — benissimo, diamo un'occhiata

••

right enough — colloq. certamente, innegabilmente, senza dubbio

to see sb. right — (financially) non fare mancare niente a qcn.; (in other ways) togliere qcn. dai guai, cavare qcn. dagli impicci
IV 1. [raɪt]
verbo transitivo

1) (restore to upright position) raddrizzare, drizzare [ ship]

2) (correct) riparare [ injustice]

to right a wrong — riparare un torto
2.
verbo riflessivo

to right oneself — [ person] tirarsi su, mettersi in piedi

to right itself — [ ship] raddrizzarsi, tornare diritto; [ situation] aggiustarsi, sistemarsi

English-Italian dictionary > right
17 real

adjective

1) (actually existing) real [Gestalt, Ereignis, Lebewesen]; wirklich [Macht]

2) (genuine) echt [Interesse, Gold, Seide]

3) (true) wahr [Grund, Freund, Name, Glück]; echt [Mitleid, Vergnügen, Sieg]

the real thing — (genuine article) der/die/das Echte

be [not] the real thing — [un]echt sein

4) (Econ.) real; Real-

in real terms — real [sinken, steigen]

5)

be for real — (coll.) echt sein; [Angebot, Drohung:] ernst gemeint sein

* * *
[riəl] 1. adjective
1) (which actually exists: There's a real monster in that cave.) echt

2) (not imitation; genuine: real leather; Is that diamond real?) echt

3) (actual: He may own the factory, but it's his manager who is the real boss.) tatsächlich

4) (great: a real surprise/problem.) wirklich
2. adverb
((especially American) very; really: a real nice house.) äußerst

- academic.ru/60536/realist">realist
- realism
- realistic
- realistically
- reality
- really 3. interjection
(an expression of surprise, protest, doubt etc: `I'm going to be the next manager.' `Oh really?'; Really! You mustn't be so rude!) wirklich

- real estate
- for real
- in reality
* * *

real

[rɪəl, AM ri:l]

I. adj

1. (not imaginary) wirklich, real; things dinglich, Sach-; land unbeweglich

in \real life im wirklichen Leben

the \real world die wirkliche Welt

2. (genuine) echt

she is a \real godsend sie ist wahrhaft ein Geschenk des Himmels

\real beauty wahre Schönheit

\real danger echte Gefahr

made of \real leather/silver aus echtem Leder/Silber gefertigt

\real pleasure wahre Freude

it's a \real pleasure to meet you ich bin sehr erfreut, Sie kennenzulernen

to be one's \real self sich akk so geben, wie man ist, ganz man selbst sein

\real threat wirkliche [o reale] Bedrohung

3. (for emphasis)

\real bargain echt günstiges Angebot [o fam Schnäppchen] nt

to be a \real dump die reinste Müllkippe [o ÖSTERR ein wirkliches Loch] sein fam

4. FOOD unbehandelt

\real coffee Bohnenkaffee m

5. ( hum: proper)

a \real man ein richtiger Mann

a \real gentleman ein wahrer Gentleman

6. ( fam: utter)

a \real disaster eine echte Katastrophe fam

7. attr FIN, ECON effektiv, real, Real-

\real earnings [or income] Realeinkommen nt, effektives Einkommen

in \real terms effektiv

\real wages Reallohn m

8. MATH

\real number reelle Zahl

\real quantity reale Menge

9. PHOT

\real image reales [o echtes] Bild

10.

▶ for \real ( fam) echt, wahr

is this letter a joke or is it for \real? ist dieser Brief ein Scherz oder [ist er] ernst gemeint?

▶ get \real! esp AM ( fam) mach dir doch nichts vor!

▶ to be the \real McCoy ( fam) der/die/das einzig Wahre sein fam

▶ the \real thing (not fake) das Echte [o Wahre]; (true love) die wahre Liebe

to look like the \real thing echt aussehen

II. adv esp AM ( fam) wirklich fam, total sl, echt sl

this lemonade is \real good! diese Limonade schmeckt wirklich toll!

* * *
[rɪəl]
1. adj

1) (= genuine) gold, flowers, silk etc, sympathy, joy, desire echt; need, improvement echt, wirklich; (as opposed to substitute) richtig; name richtig; (= true, as opposed to apparent) owner, boss, reason, purpose, state of affairs wirklich, tatsächlich, eigentlich; (= not imaginary) creature, object, life, world wirklich, real (ESP PHILOS); (PHYS, MATH) reell; (ECON) real

you can touch it, it's real —

was the unicorn ever a real creature? — gab es das Einhorn je wirklich or tatsächlich?

in real life — im wirklichen Leben

he has no real power — er hat keine wirkliche Macht

his grief was very real — sein Schmerz war echt, er empfand seinen Schmerz zutiefst

the danger was very real — das war eine ganz reale Gefahr

it's the real thing or McCoy, this whisky! — dieser Whisky ist der echte

"real leather" — echt Leder

it's not the real thing — das ist nicht das Wahre

climbing this hill isn't much when you've done the real thing —

she wanted to see the real Africa — sie wollte das wirkliche Afrika or das tiefe Afrika erleben

the real question is... — die wirkliche Frage ist..., der Kern der Frage ist...

to keep in touch with the real world —

Real Presence (Rel) — Realpräsenz f

get real! (inf) — wach auf!

2) (= proper, complete) richtig; sportsman, gentleman, coward richtig, echt; champion, friend, friendship wahr, echt; threat echt, wirklich; idiot, disaster komplett

it's a real miracle — das ist wirklich or echt (inf) ein Wunder, das ist ein wahres Wunder

it's a real shame — es ist wirklich schade, es ist jammerschade

he doesn't know what real contentment/family life is — er weiß ja nicht, was Zufriedenheit/Familienleben wirklich ist

that's what I call a real car —

that's a real racket — das ist wirklich ein Schwindel

I'm in real trouble — ich bin in großen Schwierigkeiten

to make real money — wirklich viel Geld verdienen, das große Geld verdienen or machen (inf)

3) (FIN: net, overall) income, cost wirklich, tatsächlich; interest rate effektiv

in real terms — effektiv

this increase is equivalent in real terms to... — dieser Anstieg entspricht effektiv...

2. adv (esp US inf)
echt (inf), wirklich
real soon — wirklich bald

we had a real good laugh — wir haben so gelacht

3. n

1)

for real — wirklich, echt (inf)

is that invitation for real? — ist die Einladung ernst gemeint?

is this for real or is it another practice? — ist das echt (inf) or Ernst oder schon wieder eine Übung?

2) (PHILOS)

the real — das Reale, die Wirklichkeit

* * *

real¹ [rıəl; ˈriːəl]

A adj (adv → really)

1. real, tatsächlich, wirklich:

real answer MUS reale Beantwortung (in der Fuge);

taken from real life aus dem Leben gegriffen;

his real name sein richtiger oder bürgerlicher Name;

the Real Presence REL die Realpräsenz (wirkliche Gegenwart Christi im Altarssakrament);

the real reason der wahre Grund;

the real thing umg das (einzig) Wahre;

the real world

a) die Arbeitswelt,

b) die Realität; → representative A 1

2. echt, rein (Seide etc):

real ale Br nach traditionellen Methoden hergestelltes Bier;

real feelings echte oder aufrichtige Gefühle;

“upper real leather” „Obermaterial echt Leder“;

he is a real man er ist ein echter oder wahrer Mann

3. PHIL real:

a) wirklich

b) absolut, unabhängig vom Bewusstsein (existierend)

4. JUR

a) dinglich

b) unbeweglich, Real…:

real account WIRTSCH Sach(wert)konto n;

real action dingliche Klage;

real assets unbewegliches Vermögen, Immobilien;

real capital WIRTSCH Sachkapital n;

real estate ( oder property) Grundeigentum n, -besitz m, Landbesitz m, Liegenschaften pl;

real-estate agency US Immobilienbüro n;

real-estate agent ( oder broker) US Grundstücks-, Immobilienmakler(in);

real growth WIRTSCH reales Wachstum;

real stock WIRTSCH Ist-Bestand m;

real wage WIRTSCH Reallohn m

5. ELEK reell, ohmsch, Wirk…:

real power Wirkleistung f

6. MATH, OPT reell (Zahl, Bild)

B s

1. the real PHIL

a) das Reale oder Wirkliche,

b) die Realität, die Wirklichkeit

2. for real umg wirklich, richtig, echt, im Ernst, tatsächlich:

his threats were for real seine Drohungen waren ernst gemeint

C adv besonders US umg sehr, äußerst

real² [reıˈɑːl] pl -als, -ales [-ˈɑːleıs] s Real m (ehemalige spanische Silbermünze)

* * *

adjective

1) (actually existing) real [Gestalt, Ereignis, Lebewesen]; wirklich [Macht]

2) (genuine) echt [Interesse, Gold, Seide]

3) (true) wahr [Grund, Freund, Name, Glück]; echt [Mitleid, Vergnügen, Sieg]

the real thing — (genuine article) der/die/das Echte

be [not] the real thing — [un]echt sein

4) (Econ.) real; Real-

in real terms — real [sinken, steigen]

5)

be for real — (coll.) echt sein; [Angebot, Drohung:] ernst gemeint sein

* * *

adj.

ausgesprochen adj.

echt adj.

regelrecht adj.

tatsächlich adj.

wirklich adj.

English-german dictionary > real
18 life

[laɪf] 1.
nome (pl. lives)

1) (as opposed to death) vita f.

a matter of life and death — una questione di vita o di morte

to bring sb. back to life — riportare in vita qcn.; med. rianimare qcn.

to take one's own life — togliersi la vita

plant, marine life — la vita vegetale, marina

life has to go on — la vita continua

that's life — così è la vita

run for your life! — si salvi chi può!

2) (period from birth to death) vita f.

throughout one's life — per tutta la vita

the first time in my life — la prima volta nella mia vita

romance of one's life — amore della propria vita

I got the fright of my life! — è stato il più grande spavento della mia vita!

a job for life — un lavoro per tutta la vita

to mark sb. for life — marcare qcn. a vita

in later life — più avanti negli anni

at my time of life — alla mia età

in her early life — quando era giovane

3) (biography) vita f.

4) (animation) vita f., vitalità f.

full of life — pieno di vita

there was no life in her voice — non c'era vitalità nella sua voce

there's not much life in the town in winter — in questa città non c'è molta vita d'inverno

to come to life — [ person] rinvenire, riprendere conoscenza; [ fictional character] prendere vita; [ party] animarsi

to bring history to life — fare rivivere la storia

put a bit of life into it — colloq. mettici un po' di animo

5) (social activity, lifestyle) vita f.

to lead a busy life — avere una vita piena di impegni

private life — vita privata

in public life — in pubblico

way of life — modo di vivere

to live the good o high life — fare la bella vita

6) (human beings)

without loss of life — senza perdite di vite umane

the ship sank with the loss of 500 lives — il naufragio della nave ha causato la morte di 500 persone

7) (useful duration)

the average life of a washing machine — la durata media di una lavatrice

there's plenty of life still left in them — sono ancora utilizzabili

8) dir.

to serve o do colloq. life scontare un ergastolo; to sentence sb. to life condannare qcn. all'ergastolo; to get life — colloq. farsi dare l'ergastolo

9) art.

from life — [draw, paint] dal vero
2.
modificatore [president, membership, ban] a vita

••

anything for a quiet life — qualsiasi cosa per amore del quieto vivere

for dear life — più che si può, con tutte le forze

he couldn't for the life of him see why — non riusciva assolutamente a capire il perché

get a life! — colloq. lasciami vivere!

not on your life! — certo che no! neanche per sogno!

this is the life! — questa sì che è vita!

to frighten the life out of sb. — spaventare a morte qcn.

to have the time of one's life — divertirsi come matti

to take one's life in one's hands — rischiare la vita

* * *

plural - lives; noun

1) (the quality belonging to plants and animals which distinguishes them from rocks, minerals etc and things which are dead: Doctors are fighting to save the child's life.) vita

2) (the period between birth and death: He had a long and happy life.) vita

3) (liveliness: She was full of life and energy.) vita

4) (a manner of living: She lived a life of ease and idleness.) vita

5) (the period during which any particular state exists: He had many different jobs during his working life.) vita

6) (living things: It is now believed that there may be life on Mars; animal life.) vita

7) (the story of a life: He has written a life of Churchill.) biografia

8) (life imprisonment: He was given life for murder.) ergastolo

•

- lifeless
- lifelike
- life-and-death
- lifebelt
- lifeboat
- lifebuoy
- life-cycle
- life expectancy
- lifeguard
- life-jacket
- lifeline
- lifelong
- life-saving
- life-sized
- life-size
- lifetime
- as large as life
- bring to life
- come to life
- for life
- the life and soul of the party
- not for the life of me
- not on your life!
- take life
- take one's life
- take one's life in one's hands
- to the life
* * *
[laɪf] 1.
nome (pl. lives)

1) (as opposed to death) vita f.

a matter of life and death — una questione di vita o di morte

to bring sb. back to life — riportare in vita qcn.; med. rianimare qcn.

to take one's own life — togliersi la vita

plant, marine life — la vita vegetale, marina

life has to go on — la vita continua

that's life — così è la vita

run for your life! — si salvi chi può!

2) (period from birth to death) vita f.

throughout one's life — per tutta la vita

the first time in my life — la prima volta nella mia vita

romance of one's life — amore della propria vita

I got the fright of my life! — è stato il più grande spavento della mia vita!

a job for life — un lavoro per tutta la vita

to mark sb. for life — marcare qcn. a vita

in later life — più avanti negli anni

at my time of life — alla mia età

in her early life — quando era giovane

3) (biography) vita f.

4) (animation) vita f., vitalità f.

full of life — pieno di vita

there was no life in her voice — non c'era vitalità nella sua voce

there's not much life in the town in winter — in questa città non c'è molta vita d'inverno

to come to life — [ person] rinvenire, riprendere conoscenza; [ fictional character] prendere vita; [ party] animarsi

to bring history to life — fare rivivere la storia

put a bit of life into it — colloq. mettici un po' di animo

5) (social activity, lifestyle) vita f.

to lead a busy life — avere una vita piena di impegni

private life — vita privata

in public life — in pubblico

way of life — modo di vivere

to live the good o high life — fare la bella vita

6) (human beings)

without loss of life — senza perdite di vite umane

the ship sank with the loss of 500 lives — il naufragio della nave ha causato la morte di 500 persone

7) (useful duration)

the average life of a washing machine — la durata media di una lavatrice

there's plenty of life still left in them — sono ancora utilizzabili

8) dir.

to serve o do colloq. life scontare un ergastolo; to sentence sb. to life condannare qcn. all'ergastolo; to get life — colloq. farsi dare l'ergastolo

9) art.

from life — [draw, paint] dal vero
2.
modificatore [president, membership, ban] a vita

••

anything for a quiet life — qualsiasi cosa per amore del quieto vivere

for dear life — più che si può, con tutte le forze

he couldn't for the life of him see why — non riusciva assolutamente a capire il perché

get a life! — colloq. lasciami vivere!

not on your life! — certo che no! neanche per sogno!

this is the life! — questa sì che è vita!

to frighten the life out of sb. — spaventare a morte qcn.

to have the time of one's life — divertirsi come matti

to take one's life in one's hands — rischiare la vita

English-Italian dictionary > life
19 matter

1. noun
1) (affair) Angelegenheit, die

matters — die Dinge

money matters — Geldangelegenheiten od. -fragen

raise an important matter — einen wichtigen Punkt ansprechen

that's another or a different matter altogether or quite another matter — das ist etwas ganz anderes

and to make matters worse... — und was die Sache noch schlimmer macht/machte,...

2) (cause, occasion)

a/no matter for or of... — ein/kein Grund od. Anlass zu...

it's a matter of complete indifference to me — es ist mir völlig gleichgültig

3) (topic) Thema, das; Gegenstand, der

matter on the agenda — Punkt der Tagesordnung

4)

a matter of... — (something that amounts to) eine Frage (+ Gen.)...; eine Sache von...

it's a matter of taste/habit — das ist Geschmack- / Gewohnheitssache

[only] a matter of time — [nur noch] eine Frage der Zeit

it's just a matter of working harder — man muss sich ganz einfach [bei der Arbeit] mehr anstrengen

in a matter of minutes — in wenigen Minuten

Do you know him? - Yes, as a matter of fact, I do — Kennst du ihn? - Ja, ich kenne ihn tatsächlich

5)

what's the matter? — was ist [los]?

is something the matter? — stimmt irgendetwas nicht?; ist [irgend]was (ugs.) ?

6)

for that matter — eigentlich

7)

no matter! — [das] macht nichts!

no matter how/who/what/why — etc. ganz gleich od. egal (ugs.), wie/wer/was/warum usw.

8) (material, as opposed to mind, spirit, etc.) Materie, die

[in]organic/solid/vegetable matter — [an]organische/feste/pflanzliche Stoffe
2. intransitive verb
etwas ausmachen

what does it matter? — was macht das schon?; was macht's? (ugs.)

what matters is that... — worum es geht, ist...

not matter a damn — vollkommen egal sein

doesn't matter — [das] macht nichts (ugs.)

it doesn't matter how/when — etc. es ist einerlei, wie/wann usw.

does it matter to you if...? — macht es dir etwas aus, wenn...?

the things which matter in life — [das,] worauf es im Leben ankommt

* * *
['mætə] 1. noun
1) (solids, liquids and/or gases in any form, from which everything physical is made: The entire universe is made up of different kinds of matter.) die Materie

2) (a subject or topic (of discussion etc): a private matter; money matters.) die Angelegenheit

3) (pus: The wound was infected and full of matter.) der Eiter
2. verb
(to be important: That car matters a great deal to him; It doesn't matter.) bedeuten

- academic.ru/45646/matter-of-fact">matter-of-fact
- be the matter
- a matter of course
- a matter of opinion
- no matter
- no matter who
- what
- where
* * *

mat·ter

[ˈmætəʳ, AM -t̬ɚ]

I. n

1. no pl (material) Materie f; SCI [Grund-]Stoff m, Substanz f

organic \matter organische Stoffe pl

printed \matter Gedrucktes nt, Drucksache[n] f[pl]

reading \matter Lesestoff m

vegetable \matter pflanzliche Stoffe pl

waste \matter MED Schlacken pl

\matter in suspension Schwebstoffe pl

\matter constant TECH Materialkonstante f

2. (affair) Angelegenheit f, Sache f

that's a different \matter das ist eine andere Sache

it's a \matter of complete indifference to me das ist mir völlig egal

this is a \matter for the police das sollte man der Polizei übergeben

the \matter in [or AM at] hand die Angelegenheit [o Sache], um die es geht

to get to the heart of the \matter zum Kern der Sache vordringen

the truth [or fact] of the \matter is... in Wirklichkeit...

a \matter of urgency etwas Dringendes

to be no easy \matter doing sth nicht einfach sein, etw zu tun

family \matters Familienangelegenheiten pl

financial \matters pl Geldangelegenheiten pl, Geldsachen pl

money \matters pl Geldangelegenheiten pl

a personal \matter eine persönliche Angelegenheit [o Sache]

in the \matter of... was... angeht

the British are given pre-eminence in the \matter of tea was Tee angeht, da haben die Briten die Nase vorn

3. no pl (question) Frage f

it's simply a \matter of following the recipe/learning the rules man muss einfach nur das Rezept befolgen/die Regeln erlernen

as a \matter of course selbstverständlich

a \matter of fact eine Tatsache

as a \matter of fact (by the way) übrigens, im Übrigen; (expressing agreement or disagreement) in der Tat

have you got his address? — as a \matter of fact, I have hast du seine Adresse? — ja, die hab ich tatsächlich

I suppose you're leaving soon? — no, as a \matter of fact, I'll be staying for another two weeks ich nehme an, Sie reisen bald ab? — keineswegs, in der Tat habe ich vor, noch zwei Wochen zu bleiben

a \matter of form eine Formsache

as a \matter of interest aus Interesse, interessehalber

just as a \matter of interest, how much did you pay for it? ich frage nur aus Interesse, aber wie viel hast du dafür bezahlt?

it's a \matter of life and [or or] death es geht um Leben und Tod

that's a \matter of opinion das ist Ansichtssache

a \matter of principle eine Frage des Prinzips

a \matter of record eine Tatsache

it's a \matter of record that... es ist allgemein bekannt, dass...

a \matter of taste eine Geschmacksfrage

a \matter of time eine Frage der Zeit

4. no pl (topic) Thema nt

the subject \matter of the book das Thema des Buches

it's no laughing \matter das ist nicht zum Lachen

that's another \matter das ist etwas anderes

that's another \matter altogether [or quite another \matter] das ist [wieder] etwas völlig [o ganz] anderes

to let the \matter drop etwas auf sich beruhen lassen; (in a conversation) das Thema fallenlassen

5. (problem)

is anything the \matter? stimmt etwas nicht?

there's nothing the \matter es ist alles in Ordnung

what's the \matter with you? was ist los mit dir?

what's the \matter with asking for a pay rise? was ist so schlimm daran, um eine Gehaltserhöhung zu bitten?

no \matter das macht nichts, [das ist] kein Problem

no \matter, I'll go myself kein Problem, ich gehe selbst

no \matter what was auch [immer] passiert

we've got to get to the airport on time, no \matter what wir müssen pünktlich zum Flughafen kommen, egal wie

no \matter what/when/who... ganz gleich [o egal], was/wann/wer...

no \matter what you say, I won't leave him was du auch sagst, ich werde ihn nicht verlassen

to pretend that nothing is the \matter so tun, als ob nichts wäre

6.

▪ \matters pl (state of affairs) die Situation [o Lage]

that's how \matters stand at the moment so sieht es im Moment aus

\matters came to a head with her resignation mit ihrem Rücktritt spitzte sich die Lage dann noch zu

to help \matters/make \matters worse die Lage verbessern/verschlimmern

to make \matters worse, it then started to rain heavily zu allem Überfluss fing es auch noch an, in Strömen zu regnen

to take \matters into one's own hands die Dinge selbst in die Hand nehmen

7. no pl (amount)

in a \matter of seconds he was by her side es dauerte nur Sekunden bis er bei ihr war

it was all over in a \matter of minutes nach wenigen Minuten war alles vorbei

it's only a \matter of a few dollars es geht nur um ein paar Dollars

and then there's the little \matter of the 80 euros you owe me und dann ist da noch die Kleinigkeit von 80 Euro, die du mir schuldest

8. LAW

\matter of fact Tatfrage f

\matter of law Rechtsfrage f

9. TYPO Satzspiegel m fachspr

10.

▶ not to mince \matter kein Blatt vor den Mund nehmen

▶ for that \matter eigentlich

I don't like him, nor does Ann, for that \matter ich mag ihn nicht, und Ann mag ihn im Grunde auch nicht

▶ what \matter? ( dated) was macht das schon?

II. vi

1. (be of importance) von Bedeutung sein

to him, animals \matter more than human beings ihm sind Tiere wichtiger als Menschen

what \matters now is that... worauf es jetzt ankommt, ist, dass...

that's the only thing that \matters das ist das Einzige, was zählt

it really \matters to me das bedeutet mir wirklich etwas, das ist wirklich wichtig für mich

▪ it \matters that... es macht etwas aus, dass...

▪ it doesn't \matter das ist nicht wichtig

I've spilt something on the carpet — it doesn't \matter ich habe etwas auf dem Teppich verschüttet — das macht nichts

would you rather go on Wednesday or Thursday — it doesn't \matter möchten Sie lieber am Mittwoch oder am Donnerstag fahren — das ist mir egal

it doesn't \matter what the guests wear es spielt keine Rolle, wie die Gäste angezogen sind

it didn't \matter anything to them es war ihnen völlig egal

▪ it doesn't \matter if/that... es macht nichts [o fam ist egal], wenn/dass...

it doesn't \matter how long your hair is as long as it's tidy es spielt keine Rolle, wie lang deine Haare sind, solange sie gepflegt sind

people who \matter Leute von Einfluss

2. ( rare) wound eitern

* * *
['mtə(r)]
1. n

1) (= substance, not mind) die Materie

organic/inorganic matter — organische/anorganische Stoffe pl

2) (particular kind) Stoff m

advertising matter — Reklame f, Werbung f

printed matter — Büchersendung f

colouring matter — Farbstoff(e) m(pl)

vegetable matter — pflanzliche Stoffe pl

3) (MED: pus) Eiter m

4) (TYP) (= copy) Manuskript nt; (= type set up) Satz m

5) (= content) Inhalt m

the main matter of his speech was... — (der) Hauptgegenstand seiner Rede war...

6) (= question, affair) Sache f, Angelegenheit f; (= topic) Thema nt, Stoff m

can I talk to you on a matter of great urgency? — kann ich Sie in einer äußerst dringenden Angelegenheit sprechen?

this is a matter I know little about — darüber weiß ich wenig

in the matter of... — was... (+acc) anbelangt, hinsichtlich... (+gen)

in the matter of clothes etc — in puncto Kleidung etc

there's the matter of my expenses —

it's no great matter — das macht nichts, das ist nicht so wichtig

that's quite another matter — das ist etwas (ganz) anderes

that's another matter altogether, that's a very different matter — das ist etwas völlig anderes

it will be no easy matter (to)... — es wird nicht einfach sein, zu...

it's a serious matter — das ist eine ernste Angelegenheit, die Sache ist ernst

the matter is closed — die Sache or der Fall ist erledigt

7) pl Angelegenheiten pl

business matters — geschäftliche Angelegenheiten or Dinge pl, Geschäftliche(s) nt

as matters stand — wie die Dinge liegen

to make matters worse — zu allem Unglück (noch)

8)

for that matter — eigentlich

I haven't seen him for weeks, nor for that matter has anybody else —

he wants to complain about it and for that matter, so do I — er will sich darüber beschweren und ich eigentlich auch

9)

a matter of — eine Frage (+gen), eine Sache von

it's a matter of form/time — das ist eine Formsache/Zeitfrage or Frage der Zeit

it's a matter of taste/opinion — das ist Geschmacks-/Ansichtssache

it's a matter of adjusting this part exactly — es geht darum, dieses Teil genau einzustellen

it will be a matter of a few weeks — es wird ein paar Wochen dauern

it's a matter of 10 miles from... —

it's a matter of a couple of hours — das ist eine Sache von ein paar Stunden

if it's just a matter of another 10 minutes, then I'll wait — wenn es sich nur noch um 10 Minuten handelt, dann warte ich solange

in a matter of minutes — innerhalb von Minuten

it's a matter of great concern to us — die Sache ist für uns von großer Bedeutung

it's not just a matter of increasing the money supply — es ist nicht damit getan, die Geldzufuhr zu erhöhen

it's just a matter of trying harder — man muss sich ganz einfach etwas mehr anstrengen

as a matter of course — selbstverständlich

it's a matter of course with us — für uns ist das eine Selbstverständlichkeit

you should always take your passport with you as a matter of course — es sollte für Sie eine Selbstverständlichkeit sein, stets Ihren Pass bei sich zu haben

earthquakes happen as a matter of course in that part of the world — Erdbeben sind in der Gegend an der Tagesordnung

10)

no matter! — macht nichts

I've decided to leave tomorrow, no matter what — ich gehe morgen, egal was passiert

no matter how/what/when/where etc... — egal, wie/was/wann/wo etc...

no matter how you do it — wie du es auch machst, egal, wie du es machst

no matter how hot it was — auch or selbst bei der größten Hitze

no matter how hard he tried — so sehr er sich auch anstrengte

11)

sth is the matter with sb/sth — etw ist mit jdm/etw los; (ill) etw fehlt jdm

what's the matter? — was ist (denn) los?, was ist (denn)?

what's the matter with you this morning? – nothing's the matter — was hast du denn heute Morgen? – gar nichts

what's the matter with having a little fun? — was ist denn schon dabei, wenn man ein bisschen Spaß hat?

something's the matter with the lights — mit dem Licht ist irgendetwas nicht in Ordnung

as if nothing was the matter — als ob nichts (los) wäre

2. vi

it doesn't matter — (es or das) macht nichts, ist schon gut

what does it matter? — was macht das schon?

I forgot it, does it matter? – yes, it does matter —

does it matter to you if I go? — macht es dir etwas aus, wenn ich gehe?

doesn't it matter to you at all if I leave you? — macht es dir denn gar nichts aus, wenn ich dich verlasse?

why should it matter to me? — warum sollte mir das etwas ausmachen?

why should it matter to me if people are starving? — was geht es mich an, wenn Menschen verhungern?

it doesn't matter to me what you do — es ist mir (ganz) egal, was du machst

some things matter more than others — es ist aber nicht alles gleich wichtig

the things which matter in life — was im Leben wichtig ist or zählt

poverty matters — Armut geht jeden etwas an

* * *

matter [ˈmætə(r)]

A s

1. Materie f ( auch PHIL, PHYS), Material n, Substanz f, Stoff m:

organic matter organische Substanz;

gaseous matter gasförmiger Körper; → foreign 3

2. a) PHYSIOL Substanz f: → gray matter

b) MED Eiter m

3. Sache f ( auch JUR), Angelegenheit f:

this is a serious matter;

this is an entirely different matter das ist etwas ganz anderes;

the matter in ( oder at) hand die vorliegende Angelegenheit;

a matter of convention eine Frage des Anstandes;

a matter of course eine Selbstverständlichkeit;

as a matter of course selbstverständlich, natürlich;

a matter of discretion eine Ermessensfrage;

a matter of fact

a) eine Tatsache,

b) JUR bes US eine (strittige) Tatfrage;

as a matter of fact tatsächlich, eigentlich, ehrlich gesagt;

a matter of form eine Formsache;

as a matter of form der Form halber;

matter in issue JUR Streitgegenstand m, Streitsache f;

it is a matter of life and death es geht um Leben und Tod;

as a matter of principle grundsätzlich, prinzipiell;

it is a matter of finishing in time es geht darum, rechtzeitig fertig zu werden;

a matter of taste (eine) Geschmackssache;

a matter of time eine Frage der Zeit, eine Zeitfrage;

for that matter eigentlich;

in the matter of

a) hinsichtlich (gen),

b) JUR in Sachen (A. gegen B.); → conscience Bes Redew, fact 1, laughing B 2, opinion 1

4. pl (ohne Artikel) die Sache, die Dinge pl:

make matters worse

a) die Sache schlimmer machen,

b) (Redew) was die Sache noch schlimmer macht;

carry matters too far es zu weit treiben;

as matters stand wie die Dinge liegen, nach Lage der Dinge;

matters were in a mess es war eine verfahrene Geschichte

5. the matter die Schwierigkeit:

what’s the matter? was ist los?, wo fehlts?;

what’s the matter with it (with him)? was ist (los) damit (mit ihm)?;

what’s the matter with having the occasional glass of wine? was ist (schon) dabei, wenn man ab und zu ein Glas Wein trinkt?;

what’s the matter now? was ist denn jetzt schon wieder los?;

there’s nothing the matter nichts ist los;

no matter! es hat nichts zu sagen!, nichts von Bedeutung!;

it’s no matter whether … es spielt keine Rolle, ob …;

no matter what he says was er auch sagt; ganz egal, was er sagt;

no matter who … gleichgültig oder ganz egal, wer …;

it made no matter to him that … es machte ihm nichts aus, dass …

6. (mit verblasster Bedeutung) Sache f:

it’s a matter of £5 es kostet 5 Pfund;

in a matter of weeks in ein paar Wochen;

a matter of three weeks ungefähr drei Wochen;

it is only a matter of minutes till … es kann nur ein paar Minuten dauern, bis …;

it was a matter of 5 minutes es dauerte nur 5 Minuten;

in a matter of minutes in Minutenschnelle;

in a matter of seconds in Sekundenschnelle;

it’s a matter of common knowledge es ist allgemein bekannt

7. Anlass m, Veranlassung f ( beide:

for zu):

a matter for reflection etwas zum Nachdenken

8. (Ggs äußere Form)

a) Stoff m, Thema n, (behandelter) Gegenstand, Inhalt m (eines Buches etc)

b) (innerer) Gehalt, Substanz f:

strong in matter but weak in style inhaltlich stark, aber stilistisch schwach;

matter and manner Gehalt und Gestalt

9. Literaturgeschichte: Sagenstoff m, -kreis m:

matter of France matière de France (um Karl den Großen);

matter of Britain Bretonischer Sagenkreis (um König Arthur)

10. Material n, Stoff m, Unterlagen pl ( alle:

for für, zu):

matter for a biography

11. Logik: Inhalt m (eines Satzes)

12. Postsache f: → print A 3

13. TYPO

a) Manuskript n

b) (Schrift)Satz m: → dead A 23, live² A 13

B v/i

1. von Bedeutung sein (to für), darauf ankommen ( to sb jemandem):

it doesn’t matter es macht nichts (aus), es tut nichts;

it didn’t matter to them es machte ihnen nichts aus;

it hardly matters to me es macht mir nicht viel aus;

it little matters es spielt kaum eine Rolle, es ist ziemlich einerlei

2. MED eitern

* * *
1. noun
1) (affair) Angelegenheit, die

matters — die Dinge

money matters — Geldangelegenheiten od. -fragen

raise an important matter — einen wichtigen Punkt ansprechen

that's another or a different matter altogether or quite another matter — das ist etwas ganz anderes

and to make matters worse... — und was die Sache noch schlimmer macht/machte,...

2) (cause, occasion)

a/no matter for or of... — ein/kein Grund od. Anlass zu...

it's a matter of complete indifference to me — es ist mir völlig gleichgültig

3) (topic) Thema, das; Gegenstand, der

matter on the agenda — Punkt der Tagesordnung

4)

a matter of... — (something that amounts to) eine Frage (+ Gen.)...; eine Sache von...

it's a matter of taste/habit — das ist Geschmack- / Gewohnheitssache

[only] a matter of time — [nur noch] eine Frage der Zeit

it's just a matter of working harder — man muss sich ganz einfach [bei der Arbeit] mehr anstrengen

in a matter of minutes — in wenigen Minuten

Do you know him? - Yes, as a matter of fact, I do — Kennst du ihn? - Ja, ich kenne ihn tatsächlich

5)

what's the matter? — was ist [los]?

is something the matter? — stimmt irgendetwas nicht?; ist [irgend]was (ugs.) ?

6)

for that matter — eigentlich

7)

no matter! — [das] macht nichts!

no matter how/who/what/why — etc. ganz gleich od. egal (ugs.), wie/wer/was/warum usw.

8) (material, as opposed to mind, spirit, etc.) Materie, die

[in]organic/solid/vegetable matter — [an]organische/feste/pflanzliche Stoffe
2. intransitive verb
etwas ausmachen

what does it matter? — was macht das schon?; was macht's? (ugs.)

what matters is that... — worum es geht, ist...

not matter a damn — vollkommen egal sein

doesn't matter — [das] macht nichts (ugs.)

it doesn't matter how/when — etc. es ist einerlei, wie/wann usw.

does it matter to you if...? — macht es dir etwas aus, wenn...?

the things which matter in life — [das,] worauf es im Leben ankommt

* * *

n.

Angelegenheit f.

Gegenstand m.

Grund ¨-e m.

Materie -n f.

Sache -n f.

English-german dictionary > matter
20 practice

I noun
1) (repeated exercise) Praxis, die; Übung, die

put in or do some/a lot of practice — üben/viel üben

practice makes perfect — (prov.) Übung macht den Meister

be out of practice, not be in practice — außer Übung sein

2) (spell) Übungen Pl.

piano practice — Klavierüben, das

3) (work or business of doctor, lawyer, etc.) Praxis, die; see also academic.ru/101863/general_practice">general practice

4) (habitual action) übliche Praxis; Gewohnheit, die

practice shows that... — die Erfahrung zeigt od. lehrt, dass...

good practice — (sound procedure) gutes Vorgehen

5) (action) Praxis, die

in practice — in der Praxis; in Wirklichkeit

put something into practice — etwas in die Praxis umsetzen

6) (custom) Gewohnheit, die

regular practice — Brauch, der
II
= practiced

* * *
['præktis]
noun

1) (the actual doing of something, as opposed to the theory or idea: In theory the plan should work, but in practice there are a lot of difficulties.) die Praxis

2) (the usual way(s) of doing things; (a) habit or custom: It was his usual practice to rise at 6.00 a.m.) die Gewohnheit

3) (the repeated performance or exercise of something in order to learn to do it well: She has musical talent, but she needs a lot of practice; Have a quick practice before you start.) die Übung

4) (a doctor's or lawyer's business: He has a practice in Southampton.) die Praxis

•

- be in / out of practice
- make a practice of
- put into practice
* * *

prac·tice

[ˈpræktɪs]

I. n

1. no pl (preparation) Übung f

it will take a lot of \practice ich werde noch viel üben müssen

I've had plenty of \practice at answering difficult questions ich bin es gewohnt, schwierige Fragen zu beantworten

▪ to be out of/in \practice aus der/in Übung sein

2. (training session) [Übungs]stunde f; SPORT Training nt

choir \practice Chorprobe f

driving \practice Fahrstunde f

football/hockey \practice Fußball-/Hockeytraining nt

3. no pl (actual performance) Praxis f

▪ in \practice in der Praxis

to put sth into \practice etw [in die Praxis] umsetzen

to put a method/theory into \practice eine Methode/Theorie anwenden

to put a plan into \practice einen Plan verwirklichen [o ausführen

4. no pl (usual procedure) Praxis f

code of \practice Verhaltenskodex m

to be accepted [or normal] [or standard] \practice üblich sein; (to be good/bad practice) ratsam/inakzeptabel sein

it is very bad \practice to... es zeugt von schlechten Geschäftspraktiken, wenn man...

5. (regular activity) Praktik f, Gewohnheit f; (custom) Sitte f

business/working \practices Geschäfts-/Arbeitspraktiken pl

a cruel \practice eine grausame Sitte

traditional religious \practices traditionelle religiöse Praktiken

to make a \practice of sth etw zu einer Gewohnheit werden lassen

6. (business) Praxis f

dental/medical/veterinary \practice Zahnarzt-/Arzt-/Tierarztpraxis f

legal \practice [Rechtsanwalts]kanzlei f

private \practice [Privat]praxis f

7. no pl (work) Praktizieren nt

to go into private \practice eine eigene Praxis aufmachen

▪ to be in \practice praktizieren

8.

▶ \practice makes perfect ( prov) Übung macht den Meister! prov

II. n modifier (game, shot) Probe-; SPORT Trainings-

a \practice session ein Training

III. vt AM see practise

prac·tise

[ˈpræktɪs]

AM prac·tice

I. vt

1. (rehearse)

▪ to \practice [doing] sth etw üben; (improve particular skill) an etw dat arbeiten

to \practice one's backhand die Rückhand trainieren

to \practice the flute/piano/violin Flöte/Klavier/Geige üben

to \practice one's German/English Deutsch/Englisch üben

to \practice a sonata/song eine Sonate/ein Lied proben

2. (do regularly)

▪ to \practice sth etw [üblicherweise] machen [o tun], etw praktizieren

I have started practising meditation ich habe angefangen zu meditieren

foot-binding is no longer \practiced in China in China ist es nicht mehr üblich, den Mädchen die Füße zu binden

to \practice austerity ein einfaches Leben führen, bescheiden leben

to \practice birth control verhüten

to \practice black magic/sorcery/voodoo schwarze Magie/Zauberei/Voodoozauber betreiben

to \practice cannibalism Kannibalismus praktizieren

to \practice celibacy/monogamy/polygamy zölibatär/monogam/polygam leben

to \practice a custom einen Brauch befolgen

to \practice deceit [or deception] [gewohnheitsmäßig] betrügen

to \practice discrimination diskriminieren

to \practice a religion eine Religion ausüben

to \practice safe sex sicheren Sex [o Safer Sex] praktizieren

to \practice thrift sparsam leben

3. (work in)

▪ to \practice sth etw praktizieren

she \practiced medicine for twenty years sie war zwanzig Jahre lang als Ärztin tätig

to \practice dentistry als Zahnarzt/Zahnärztin praktizieren

to \practice law als Anwalt/Anwältin praktizieren

to \practice medicine als Arzt/Ärztin praktizieren, den Arztberuf ausüben

4.

▶ to \practice what one preaches nach den Grundsätzen leben, die man anderen predigt

▶ to not \practice what one preaches Wasser predigen und Wein trinken prov

II. vi

1. (improve skill) üben; SPORT trainieren

2. (work in a profession) praktizieren, als etw tätig sein

he trained as a lawyer but he's no longer practising er ist Anwalt, übt seinen Beruf aber nicht mehr aus

to \practice as a doctor praktizierender Arzt/praktizierende Ärztin sein

to \practice as a lawyer praktizierender Anwalt/praktizierende Anwältin sein

* * *
['prktɪs]
1. n

1) (= habit, custom) (of individual) Gewohnheitf, Angewohnheitf; (of group, in country) Brauchm, Sittef; (= bad habit) Unsittef; (in business) Verfahrensweise, Praktikf

he opposes the practice of pubs being open on Sundays — er ist dagegen, dass Lokale am Sonntag geöffnet sind

this is normal business practice — das ist im Geschäftsleben so üblich

as is my (usual) practice — wie es meine Gewohnheit ist

to make a practice of doing sth, to make it a practice to do sth — es sich (dat)

Christian practice dictates... — das christliche Brauchtum verlangt...

it is the practice of this Court to... — es ist an diesem Gericht üblich, zu...

that's common practice — das ist allgemeine Praxis, das ist allgemein üblich

2) (= exercise, training) Übungf; (= rehearsal, trial run) Probef; (SPORT) Trainingnt; (= practice game) Trainingsspielnt

practice makes perfect (Prov) — Übung macht den Meister

Michael Schuhmacher had the fastest time in practice — Michael Schuhmacher fuhr im Training die schnellste Zeit

this piece of music needs a lot of practice — für dieses( Musik)stück muss man viel üben

you should do 10 minutes' practice each day — du solltest täglich 10 Minuten (lang) üben

to be out of practice — aus der Übung sein

that was just a practice run — das war nur mal zur Probe

to have a practice session — üben

the first practice session — die erste Übung/Probe/das erste Training

3) (= doing, as opposed to theory) Praxisf

in practice — in der Praxis

that won't work in practice — das lässt sich praktisch nicht durchführen

to put one's ideas into practice — seine Ideen in die Praxis umsetzen

4) (of doctor, lawyer etc) Praxisf

he returned to the practice of law/medicine — er praktizierte wieder als Rechtsanwalt/Arzt

to go into or set up in practice — eine Praxis aufmachen or eröffnen, sich als Arzt/Rechtsanwalt etc niederlassen

he's not in practice any more — er praktiziert nicht mehr

to retire from practice — sich aus der Praxis zurückziehen

a large legal practice — eine große Rechtsanwaltspraxis

2. vti (US)

See:

= practise

* * *

practice [ˈpræktıs]

A s

1. Brauch m, Gewohnheit f, Praxis f, übliches Verfahren:

make a practice of sth sich etwas zur Gewohnheit machen;

don’t make a practice of it lass es nicht zur Gewohnheit werden oder einreißen;

it is the practice es ist üblich ( to do sth etwas zu tun; for sb to do sth dass jemand etwas tut);

it is common practice es ist allgemein üblich;

it is not the usual practice for him to get drunk es ist bei ihm nicht üblich, dass er sich betrinkt; üblicherweise betrinkt er sich nicht

2. a) Übung f ( auch MIL, MUS):

practice makes perfect (Sprichwort) Übung macht den Meister;

be in (out of) practice in (aus) der Übung sein;

keep in practice in der Übung bleiben

b) Motorsport etc: Training n

3. Praxis f (Ggs Theorie):

in practice in der Praxis;

put in(to) practice in die Praxis oder Tat umsetzen;

practice-orient(at)ed praxisorientiert

4. (Arzt- etc) Praxis f:

he has a large practice;

be in practice praktizieren, eine Praxis haben

5. a) Handlungsweise f, Praktik f

b) oft pl pej (unsaubere) Praktiken pl, Machenschaften pl, Schliche pl

6. JUR Verfahren(sregeln) n(pl), formelles Recht

7. TECH Verfahren n, Technik f:

welding practice Schweißtechnik

8. MATH welsche oder italienische Praktik (eine Rechnungsart)

B adj Übungs…:

practice alarm Probealarm m;

practice alert MIL Übungsalarm m;

practice ammunition Übungsmunition f;

practice cartridge Exerzierpatrone f;

practice flight FLUG Übungsflug m;

practice run AUTO Trainingsfahrt f

C v/t besonders Br practise [-tıs]

1. üben, (gewohnheitsmäßig) tun oder (be)treiben:

practice politeness höflich sein;

practice what you preach tue selbst, was du predigst

2. (als Beruf) ausüben, tätig sein als oder in (dat), ein Geschäft etc betreiben:

practice medicine (law) als Arzt (Anwalt) praktizieren

3. (ein)üben, sich üben in (dat), MUS etwas (auf einem Instrument) üben:

practice dancing sich im Tanzen üben;

practice a piece of music ein Musikstück (ein)üben

4. jemanden üben, schulen, ausbilden

5. verüben:

practice a fraud on sb jemanden arglistig täuschen

D v/i

1. handeln, tun, verfahren

2. praktizieren (as als Arzt, Jurist):

practicing (bes Br practising) Catholic praktizierender Katholik

3. (sich) üben:

practice on the piano (sich auf dem) Klavier üben

4. practice (up)on

a) jemanden bearbeiten umg,

b) jemandes Schwächen etc ausnützen, sich etwas zunutze machen, missbrauchen

* * *
I noun
1) (repeated exercise) Praxis, die; Übung, die

put in or do some/a lot of practice — üben/viel üben

practice makes perfect — (prov.) Übung macht den Meister

be out of practice, not be in practice — außer Übung sein

2) (spell) Übungen Pl.

piano practice — Klavierüben, das

3) (work or business of doctor, lawyer, etc.) Praxis, die; see also general practice

4) (habitual action) übliche Praxis; Gewohnheit, die

practice shows that... — die Erfahrung zeigt od. lehrt, dass...

good practice — (sound procedure) gutes Vorgehen

5) (action) Praxis, die

in practice — in der Praxis; in Wirklichkeit

put something into practice — etwas in die Praxis umsetzen

6) (custom) Gewohnheit, die

regular practice — Brauch, der
II
= practiced

* * *

n.

Gepflogenheit f.

Gewohnheit f.

Praxis -en f.

Routine -n f.

Übung -en f. (UK) v.

üben v. (US) v.

ausüben v.

betreiben v.

praktizieren v.

trainieren v.

üben v. (medicine) v.

praktizieren (Arzt) v. v.

seine Praxis ausüben ausdr.

English-german dictionary > practice

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not opposed

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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not opposed

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